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hmg-coa reductase Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine h
2023-09-14
Introduction Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone mainly produced by adrenal medulla in response to stress (Tank and Lee Wong, 2015). This catecholamine exerts various major physiological effects, concerning notably the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system and the endocrine system, through
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Introduction hydroxytryptamine HT is found throughout the bo
2023-09-14
Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is found throughout the body and influences smooth muscle activity in various tissues including the intestine, vasculature and urinary MRT68921 (Kim and Camilleri, 2000, Klarskov and Horby-Petersen, 1986, Mohammad-Zadeh et al., 2008). The current classificat
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ADORs accomplish a variety of physiological effects in diffe
2023-09-14
ADORs accomplish a variety of physiological effects in different tissues. In neurons, ADORs regulate the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate (Ferré et al., 1992; Fredholm and Dunwiddie, 1988; Ginsborg and Hirst, 1972; Gonçalves et al., 2015; Quarta et al., 2004; Stella et al.
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Previous studies have demonstrated the presence
2023-09-14
Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of soluble NTPDases, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in rat blood serum as well as in human blood (Doleski et al., 2016; Oses et al., 2004; Yegutkin, 1997; Yegutkin et al., 2007). In addition, our earlier reports have shown that these membrane-
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For comprehensive understanding of actin myosin XI
2023-09-14
For comprehensive understanding of actin-myosin XI as a control network, it will be necessary to determine the functions of all the myosin XI and nos abbreviation isoforms. However, it is difficult to reveal the function of individual myosin XI isoforms because most myosin XI single knockouts exhib
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br Conclusion The HT receptor family is complex and one
2023-09-14
Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless SR 59230A hydrochloride australia (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological func
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br Autophagy and cell death pathways
2023-09-14
Autophagy and cell death pathways in ischemic stroke Although very important for the effects on post-ischemic 490 3 injury, autophagy is not the only mechanism of action involved in cell death. Necrosis and apoptosis are two other distinct forms of cell death with great difference in morphology
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br Acknowledgments This work was supported by
2023-09-14
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. 15-Lipoxygenase 1 (15-LOX-1) is a nonheme, iron-containing enzyme predominantly expressed in reticulocytes, eosinophils, macrophages, mast cells, and bronchial epithelial cells . 15-LOX-1 is a key enzyme involved
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GDC-0152 AT signaling is distinct to that of
2023-09-14
AT2 signaling is distinct to that of AT1 (Kaschina and Unger, 2003). As shown here, opposite to the stimulating effect of AT1 signaling, it inhibits apelin secretion. Activation of AT2 receptor, which is also G-protein coupled, is known to decrease cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase
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Sustained release property is also associated with side
2023-09-14
Sustained release property is also associated with side effects reduction [16] that could be confirmed by histopathological analyzes. Massive infiltrating inflammatory cells, hyperproliferation of skin layers and keratin pearls, caused by DMBA and croton oil application [32] are attenuated in Imq-lo
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There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells First
2023-09-13
There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty BRD 7389 transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible f
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A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism wa
2023-09-13
A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial
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br Conclusion br Conflicts of Interest
2023-09-13
Conclusion Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures Acknowledgement This study was funded by the Ministry of Science of the Republic of Serbia (grant #175083). Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated, neuromuscular transmission disorder, where the targets are postsynaptic p
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Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo technique which all
2023-09-13
Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo-technique which allows continuous sampling of small molecular weight substances (such as neurotransmitters, metabolites and neuropeptides) from the extracellular space of different tissues or organs, e.g. brain, muscle or skin. While the implantation of the
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br Results br Discussion Autophagy is considered
2023-09-13
Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st
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